Most people confuse LLMs, workflows, and agents, but understanding these three levels unlocks the real potential of AI automation. The key difference lies in who makes the decisions.

AI agent explained

As agents become capable of making most decisions independently, understanding when and how humans should intervene becomes critical for building effective agent-human partnerships.

Human touch in agent systems

AI tools handle technical complexity, freeing creators to focus on emotional resonance and creative flow. We explore how this delegation shapes modern creative processes.

Vibe culture

Forget toy agents. This is your guide to the guts of AI agent frameworks, how to pick 'em, and how to build agentic systems that actually deliver.

Composing the future: an iron-clad analysis of AI agent architecture frameworks

Gradient descent is a fundamental optimization algorithm in machine learning. It's a way for models to learn from data and improve their accuracy by gradually adjusting their internal settings. Think of it like carefully descending a hill to find the lowest point, each small step you take brings you closer to the best possible solution.

Explaining gradient descent in machine learning with a simple analogy

How societies naturally organize around different types of knowledge work; from those who apply compressed rules to those who derive new principles from scratch.

How knowledge work organizes itself

Introducing the OGIF Memo Summarizer, a chatbot we developed using Dify in collaboration with @innno_. This tool transcribes YouTube videos and extracts key points from our Oh God It’s Friday (OGIF) sessions. By providing both short and detailed summaries in English and Vietnamese, it significantly enhances our ability to review and reference the diverse knowledge shared every Friday.

How we crafted the OGIF summarizer bot to streamline weekly knowledge-sharing

Discover InterviewGPT, an AI-powered ChatGPT system that automates technical interviews by generating tailored questions and evaluating answers for engineers at all experience levels.

How we created an AI powered interview system using OpenAI's ChatGPT

Dissecting the evolution of AI agents from eager human-in-the-loop systems to fully autonomous entities, and how each stage automates the core tasks of exploration, planning, execution, and review.

Mapping the path to AGI

This guide explores implementing robust authorization for Model Context Protocol (MCP) over Server-Sent Events (SSE) transport, providing a standardized framework for secure AI-to-tool communication while maintaining vendor independence.

Securing your remote MCP servers

How human cognition and artificial intelligence both develop increasingly abstract representations, from simple stimulus-response patterns to deep hierarchical understanding.

The five stages of learning

A comprehensive guide to implementing granular access control for Model Context Protocol (MCP) servers, allowing organizations to securely expose tool capabilities based on user roles and permissions while maintaining data privacy.

Tool-level security for remote MCP servers

Things about automata that devs should know

Automata

Builder, one of the creational patterns, allows user to construct complex object step by step while still maintaining flexibility.

Introduce the builder pattern and its use cases

C4 diagrams use a four-level model to clearly visualize software system architecture, helping teams understand system context, containers, components, and code implementation.

C4 diagrams

Understanding and conveying software architecture can be a daunting task, especially when dealing with non-technical stakeholders or diverse development teams. This article delves into the challenges of traditional methods like complex UML diagrams and non-descriptive box-and-line drawings. We introduce the C4 model, a powerful framework that simplifies these challenges by using layered abstractions and visualizations. Explore how the model breaks down software architecture into comprehensible levels, Context, Container, Component, and Code, and offers guidelines on creating effective diagrams. Real-world examples illustrate the application of the C4 model, making it an invaluable tool for creating a shared understanding and ensuring clear, meaningful communication among all parties involved.

Breaking down complexity: the role of abstractions and UML in C4 modelling

Command is a behavioral design pattern that encapsulates a request as an object. This allows you to parameterize methods with different requests, delay or queue a request’s execution, and support undoable operations. This pattern promotes the decoupling of the sender and receiver of a request, enhancing flexibility and maintainability.

Command pattern

This system aims to provide users with the ability to store, access, and share files directly on our website, similar to Google Drive. This system aims to enhance user convenience and collaboration by allowing seamless file management and sharing capabilities.

Design file-sharing system - part 1: directory structure

Learn what a Domain Model is in Domain Driven Design, including key components like Domain events, Commands, Aggregates, and Bounded Contexts to organize business knowledge effectively.

Domain model in domain driven design

Learn how Domain-Driven Design (DDD) uses entity identity and continuity to improve software by linking developers and domain experts for better system maintenance and scalability.

Entities in domain driven design

Event sourcing records all changes as events, allowing e-commerce platforms to track detailed order history and generate flexible analytics for better business insights and future-proof data management.

Event sourcing overview

Learn what finite-state automata are, how they model systems using states and transitions, and see practical examples of state machines in programming with key concepts like states, events, and transitions.

Finite state automata

Learn what a finite-state transducer is, its mathematical model, and how it processes inputs to outputs with states, including examples in programming and applications in natural language processing.

Finite state transducer

Learn how the Law of Demeter reduces object dependencies by promoting loose coupling and improving code flexibility, maintainability, and testability in object-oriented programming.

Law of demeter

Learn what a Mealy machine is, its mathematical model, and how it differs from Moore machines and finite-state transducers in this clear explanation of finite-state automata concepts.

Mealy machine

Learn about Moore machines, a type of finite-state machine where outputs depend only on current states, and explore their differences from Mealy machines and formal definitions.

Moore machine

Concept of the observer pattern with its pros and cons.

Introduce the observer pattern and its use cases

Domain Driven Design (DDD) improves software by creating clear domain models and shared language between developers and business experts, helping solve complex business problems effectively.

Overview of domain driven design

Learn how the broker pattern structures distributed systems by decoupling clients and servers, enabling scalable communication through proxies and brokers for dynamic, independent agent interaction.

Overview on broker pattern in distributed system

Prototype, one of the creational patterns, minimize efforts when recreating new from the exist object by cloning the 'prototype' of it.

Going through use cases of the prototype design pattern and it place among the creational patterns

Learn how to implement a Redis streaming master-consumers pattern to delegate messages, handle concurrency, and avoid data conflicts using Redis commands like XREADGROUP and XCLAIM.

Redis streaming concurrency with master and consumers

Learn how to use Redis Streaming for event sourcing and messaging with Docker setup, stream publishing, reading, consumer groups, and message claiming in Redis key-value database.

Redis streaming

Learn how frontend reducers act as single state machines with non-deterministic states, using algebraic data types for clear state management and enabling parallelizable operations in React and Redux.

Reducers

Service-based architecture offers a flexible, middle-ground approach between monoliths and microservices, ideal for managing complex business needs without the overhead of full microservice complexity.

Service based architecture

Singleton real-world problem, concept, solution, use cases, implementations, pros & cons, references

A tour of Singleton design pattern with Golang

Learn the SOLID principles of object-oriented design to create clean, maintainable, and flexible code with key concepts like Single Responsibility, Open-Closed, Liskov Substitution, Interface Segregation, and Dependency Inversion.

Solid principles

Learn how statecharts solve the state explosion problem in state machines using parallel states, hierarchical states, and guard conditions for simpler and more efficient designs.

State explosion

The State Design Pattern is a behavioral design pattern that allows an object to change its behavior when its internal state changes. This pattern is particularly useful for scenarios where an object can exist in multiple states and its behavior varies based on these states.

State pattern

Strategy design pattern, a behavioral design pattern that denote the functionality of a family of interchangeable classes to a interface, the context, with the helper objects, selects the appropriate implementation of the interface.

Strategy design pattern, the concept, use cases and difference with the state design pattern

Learn how UML State Machine Diagrams visualize object states, transitions, events, and actions to model dynamic system behavior in software development, embedded systems, and more.

Uml state machine diagram

Visitor is a behavioral design pattern that lets you separate algorithms from the objects on which they operate.

Visitor design pattern, the concept, problem solution and use cases

Learn how to enforce smart contract invariants in Solidity using assert(), require(), and revert() to ensure error checking and secure contract behavior.

Assert require revert

A comprehensive guide to understanding blockchain bridges, their types, and how they facilitate communication and asset transfers between different blockchain networks.

Blockchain bridge

Learn how blockchain technology solves trust issues with decentralization, transparency, and immutability, and discover key design principles to create user-friendly blockchain products.

Blockchain for designers

Learn how blockchain oracles solve the oracle problem by connecting smart contracts with real-world data, enabling secure input, output, cross-chain communication, and off-chain computing.

¶ Oracle

Blockchain oracle

Blockchain breaks down the complex technology behind Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies into simple terms anyone can understand. Learn how distributed ledgers work, why they're secure, and what makes them revolutionary for digital trust.

Blockchain fundamentals

This article provides an overview of blocks in blockchain technology, including their structure, types, and how they work.

Blocks

This guide shows how to build a custom AI Agent with ElizaOS.

Build custom AI agent with ElizaOS

This guide shows how to implement a token swap from the Base Chain to Bitcoin.

Implement a token swap from the Base chain to Bitcoin for cross-chain transactions

Learn how Layer 2 blockchain design using zkEVM and zero-knowledge proofs enables scalable, secure token transfers and smart contract execution with efficient transaction batching and Ethereum compatibility.

Design system for layer 2 using zk rollup

This article provides an overview of distributed systems in blockchain technology, including their definition, advantages, and how they work.

Distributed systems

Dollar-Cost Averaging (DCA) is a simple yet powerful investment strategy that can help you minimize risk and maximize long-term returns. With DCA, you invest a fixed amount of money into an asset (crypto, stocks, funds, etc.) at regular intervals, regardless of the current market price. The goal is to accumulate as much of the asset as possible over time. This strategy is suitable for all investors, especially beginners.

Dollar Cost Averaging (DCA)

Learn best practices for safe external calls in Solidity, including avoiding reentrancy, handling errors, using call() over transfer(), and never delegatecall untrusted contracts to secure smart contracts.

External calls

Learn how Hyperledger's open source blockchain frameworks and tools enable secure, permissioned enterprise networks with smart contracts, distributed ledgers, and flexible governance models.

Fabric Hyperledger architecture explanation

Learn how Stellar's consensus protocol uses trusted validators and quorum slices to prevent Sybil attacks and ensure secure, reliable transactions through federated voting and network trust.

Federated Byzantine

Learn best practices for Solidity smart contracts including abstract contracts vs interfaces, proper use of assert/require/revert, inheritance, event monitoring, fallback functions, security tips, and visibility modifiers.

General

Explore Layer 2 solutions for Ethereum scaling, including rollups and their benefits. Learn how Layer 2 extends Ethereum's capabilities, reduces gas fees, and maintains security while improving transaction throughput and efficiency.

Layer 2: Scaling solutions for Ethereum

A comprehensive guide to understanding liquidity pools in blockchain, covering their definition, functionality, the role of automated market makers (AMM), arbitrage, pool depth, slippage, how to provide liquidity, and the concept of impermanent loss. This article provides insights for both beginners and experienced users in decentralized finance (DeFi)

Liquidity pool

A multisign wallet is a type of digital wallet that requires multiple signatures to authorize transactions. This article provides an overview of multisign wallets, how they work, and their benefits.

Multisign wallet

This article provides an overview of the Polygon zkEVM architecture, including its main components, how it works, and its benefits.

Polygon zkEVM architecture

This article provides an overview of Proof of Stake (PoS) in blockchain technology, including its definition, how it works, and its advantages.

Learn how to prepare smart contracts for failure with techniques like circuit breakers, rate limits, speed bumps, and upgradeability to enhance blockchain security and reduce risks.

Precautions

This article provides an overview of smart contracts in blockchain technology, including their definition, how they work, and their advantages.

Smart contract

This article provides an overview of StarkNet's architecture, including its main components, how it works, and its transaction lifecycle. It also covers the messaging mechanism between Layer 1 and Layer 2, as well as the node clients used in the StarkNet network.

StarkNet architecture

Talk about TON and its core technologies. Why do we call TON the 'Blockchain of blockchains'?

Ton: blockchain of blockchains

Base concepts to begin with TON development

Ton's base concepts

Introduce Foundry's core functionalities & practices to develop, test and deploy EVM smart contracts

Using Foundry for EVM smart contract development

Provides a comprehensive guide to Web3 development using Foundry, a modern, Rust-based toolkit for Ethereum smart contract development.

Web3 development with Foundry

This article provides an overview of zero-knowledge proofs in blockchain technology, including their definition, how they work, and their advantages.

Zero-knowledge proofs

ZK-SNARKs is a type of zero-knowledge proof that allows one party to prove to another that a given statement is true, without revealing any additional information. This article provides an overview of zk-SNARKs, how they work, and their applications in blockchain technology.

zk-SNARKs

Developers who adapt fast to AI are thriving. Those who overthink are falling behind.

Speed beats perfectionism in AI adaptation

Philip Su's journey from IC to management reveals three career growth drivers and one critical question every potential leader must answer. The insights challenge conventional wisdom about technical careers.

IC and management

Teams with cognitive diversity solve problems faster and think more creatively than homogeneous groups, showing the value of diverse thinking styles in improving team performance and problem-solving.

Cognitive diversity enhances team problem solving capabilities

constellation

economic-narrative

economic-narratives-spread-like-diseases

Researchers should openly share uncertainties in their findings, as expressing doubt builds trust and helps audiences better evaluate evidence, especially in changing situations like COVID-19.

Expressing uncertainty doesn t undermine authority

Learn how evidence communication promotes honest, transparent sharing of research by presenting uncertainties and conflicts to inform audiences without persuasion or bias.

Inform rather than persuade

metamodernism

metaphors-create-coherent-systems-of-meaning

metaphors-we-live-by

metonymy-facilitates-understanding-by-focusing-our-attention

narrative-economics

narratives-generate-real-world-effects

novel-metaphors-create-novel-ways-of-thinking

objectivism-assumes-a-concrete-knowable-world

orientational-metaphors-organize-concepts-relationally

Learn how perspective is shaped by the interaction of stance, tools, and experience to better understand and approach complex problems effectively.

Perspective comprises our stance our tools and our experience

Learn how applying multiple mental models and diverse perspectives improves decision-making by revealing hidden insights and overcoming narrow, specialized thinking.

Put mental models in conversation with one another

Learn how the Pyramid Principle helps organize information by synthesizing data from the bottom up and communicating key insights clearly from the top down for effective persuasive writing.

¶ pyramid principle

Learn how Roger Martin explains problem solving by focusing on the most important information shaped by our stance, tools, and experience to improve decision-making and perspective.

Salience is subjective

sensemaking-produces-thick-data

structural-metaphors-reveal-and-conceal-different-aspects-of-experience

Discover how successful leaders use integrative thinking to solve complex problems by combining different perspectives and avoiding simple either/or choices for creative solutions.

≈ the opposable mind

Materialized view is the cache of views. It pre-computes, stores, and optimizes data access when created, and automatically refreshes to ensure real-time data availability.

Materialized view pattern

Learn how to transition from application development to data engineering by building a modern project reporting system. Discover essential mindset shifts, best practices, and hands-on look using tools like DuckDB, and Modal. Master system-level architecture and data pipeline design for scalable enterprise solutions.

A Lens to Modern Data Engineering

Building a data-driven project reporting system: A lens into modern data engineering

Learn how the ACID model ensures database transaction reliability with atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability for accurate, secure, and concurrent data management in ACID-compliant systems.

Acid model

Learn what Big Data is by exploring the 3 V's—Volume, Velocity, and Variety—and discover how Hadoop provides scalable, cost-effective solutions for storing and processing massive data sets.

Apache Hadoop and big data

Learn how to create and understand Hive tables, including table structure, storage formats, SerDe functions, HDFS data location, and metadata management in the Hive metastore.

Behind a hive table

A Bloom filter is a probabilistic data structure used for testing whether an element is a member of a set or not. It's space-efficient compared to other data structures like hash tables, but it may give false positives (indicating that an element is in the set when it's not) and never gives false negatives (indicating that an element is not in the set when it actually is not)...

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