Research > Topics

§ AI
Explaining gradient descent in machine learning with a simple analogy
How we crafted the OGIF summarizer bot to streamline weekly knowledge-sharing
How we created an AI powered interview system using OpenAI's ChatGPT
Securing your remote MCP servers
Tool-level security for remote MCP servers
Why Hollywood and gaming struggle with AI
§ Architecture
Automata
Introduce the builder pattern and its use cases
C4 diagrams
Breaking down complexity: the role of abstractions and UML in C4 modelling
Case study: Write-heavy scalable and reliable inventory platform
Command pattern
Design file-sharing system - part 1: directory structure
Domain model in domain driven design
Entities in domain driven design
Event sourcing overview
Finite state automata
Finite state transducer
Law of demeter
Mealy machine
Moore machine
Introduce the observer pattern and its use cases
Overview of domain driven design
Overview on broker pattern in distributed system
Principles of good software design
Going through use cases of the prototype design pattern and it place among the creational patterns
Redis streaming concurrency with master and consumers
Redis streaming
Reducers
Sdk event sourcing
Service based architecture
A tour of Singleton design pattern with Golang
Solid principles
State explosion
State pattern
Strategy design pattern, the concept, use cases and difference with the state design pattern
Uml state machine diagram
Visitor design pattern, the concept, problem solution and use cases
§ Blockchain
Assert require revert
Blockchain bridge
Blockchain for designers
Blockchain oracle
Blockchain security checklist
Build custom AI agent with ElizaOS
Implement a token swap from the Base chain to Bitcoin for cross-chain transactions
Design system for layer 2 using zk rollup
Documents
Dollar Cost Averaging (DCA)
External calls
Fabric Hyperledger architecture explanation
Federated Byzantine
General
Layer 2: Scaling solutions for Ethereum
Liquidity pool
Multisign wallet
NFT fractionalization
Plonky2
Polygon zkEVM architecture
Precautions
StarkNet architecture
Token
Ton: blockchain of blockchains
Ton's base concepts
Using Foundry for EVM smart contract development
Web3 development with Foundry
zk-SNARKs
Cognitive diversity enhances team problem solving capabilities
economic-narratives-spread-like-diseases
Expressing uncertainty doesn t undermine authority
Inform rather than persuade
metamodernism
metaphors-create-coherent-systems-of-meaning
metonymy-facilitates-understanding-by-focusing-our-attention
narratives-generate-real-world-effects
novel-metaphors-create-novel-ways-of-thinking
objectivism-assumes-a-concrete-knowable-world
orientational-metaphors-organize-concepts-relationally
perspective-comprises-our-stance-our-tools-and-our-experience
Put mental models in conversation with one another
Salience is subjective
sensemaking-produces-thick-data
structural-metaphors-reveal-and-conceal-different-aspects-of-experience
§ Data Engineering
Migration planning
Materialized view pattern
Multi-column index in DB
Building a data-driven project reporting system: A lens into modern data engineering
Acid model
Apache Hadoop and big data
Base model
Behind a hive table
Bloom filter
Buckets on Apache Hive
Cap theorem
Building a local search engine for our Memo website
Data analyst in retail trading
Data pipeline design framework
Data vault modelling
Database design circular
Database locking
Dbt the good solution to accelerate data transformation
Design file-sharing system - part 2: permission & password
Designing a model with dynamic properties
DuckDB demo and showcase
Evolutionary database design: managing change and scaling with the system
Full text search with postgresql
Google data fusion
Google dataproc
Hadoop distributed file system hdfs
Hive window and analytic functions
How discord stores messages part 1 from mongodb to cassandra
How I came up with our security standard
Introduction to Apache Hive
Introduction to Apache Pig
Introduction to CRDT
Local-first software
Managed table vs external table
Managing dataflow and SQL database with concurrency control
Mapreduce components
MapReduce
Order by vs sort by vs distribute by vs cluster by
Overview of bi tools
Partitions on Apache Hive
Quick learning vector database
Redis leaderboard
Self balanced bsts avl trees
Sql and how it relates to disk reads and writes
Sql practices orm vs plain sql
SQL saragable queries and their impact on database performance
Statistics in data analysis
Utilizing cached table for binance kline api data processing
readme
amm
atomicswap
bip39
cryptoeconomics
defi-application
defiapplication
definition
dex-market-share
economic-limits-of-proof-of-stake-blockchains
history-of-consensus-protocol
history
how-it-works
liquidity-pool
market-share-dex
challenges
community-owned-characters
pool
rekt
smart-contract
smart-contracts
swap
block
chart
dao
note
unstoppable-code
§ Delegation
§ Design
Card sorting and a glimpse at experimental sorting session
Competency mapping
Design better mobile application
Design resourcestools
Design system
Design tips tricks
Design workflow
Designing for forgiveness: creating error-tolerant interfaces
Domain glossary
Domain insight research framework
Focus personas on tasks goals and motivations
Focus product development on customer jobs that are important tangible unsatisfied and lucrative
Gestalt principles in UI design
Getting started with Webflow
Good design understanding
Grid and layout
How a design system work
human-needs
Jtbd job interview structure
Methods to overcome the limitations of personas
Omit needless demographic information when creating personas
People fill information gaps with assumptions
Personas alone can t help teams achieve empathy
Personas communicate research or they communicate assumptions
Personas document shared understanding about users
Personas lack rich context
Personas make abstract research concrete for design teams
Personas may create space for assumptions
Personas start with qualitative research
Six things I extracted from design thinking
The correct way to build KPI
The principle of spacing in UI design part 1
The principle of spacing in UI design part 2
Three clicks rule is a myth
Three levels of design
Ui design best practices dwarves
Ui design fundamental
Understanding an application design
Understanding saving, investing, and speculating: key differences and strategies
Use jtbd stories to foreground the context in which a solution is required
Ux model
What I learned on design thinking and software development
§ Devbox
Ditch the containers: go containerless with Devbox
Devbox.json: Your project's DNA
Devbox shell: your dev environment, your rules
The reason for being
Devbox vs Nix: why we chose simplicity
Devbox vs Nix: why we chose simplicity
Fixed-output derivation in Nix
Nix is faster than Docker build
Pinning nixpkgs in Nix
Shadow copies in Docker builds
Unstable package installation in Docker
The world before Docker
Our docker adoption and its challenges
Using Devbox to setup local development environment
The overview into Nix & how we use Devbox @ Dwarves
Devbox in production: our success story
§ DevOps
About Devops
Blue green deployment
Deploy branch with vercel cli
Docker microcontainers
Feature flags
How blue green deployment helped Mochi
How we setup cicd
Kubernetes Helm 101
Kubeseal sops
Progressive delivery
Radio talk 60 blue green deployment
Testing aws services locally with localstack
§ Elixir
Acceptance test in elixir
Erlang finite state machine
garbage-collector-in-elixir
Libcluster in elixir
Pg in elixir
§ Engineering
Forward proxy
Behavior driven development
Error messaging
A and cname records in dns
Analysis document
Architecture decision record
Are we really engineers
Build an assistant on the terminal
Burnup and burndown chart
Cognitive load
Cold start problem
Conway s law
Daemons and services programming guide
Database designs for multilingual apps
Dcos series part 1 quick look installation
Dcos series part 2 deploy simple applications
Dcos series part 3 service discovery and load balancing
Dcos series part 4 deploy simple application with backend database
Dcos series part 5 Gitlab
Difference between project program portfolio manager
Double entry accounting
Edsger dijkstra interview
Enabling team
§ engineering backend moc
§ engineering management moc
Graphql in microservices unified api gateway
How one product team works when having incident
How to build a product sense
How to run the backlog grooming effectively
Infinite image gallery with R3f an approach
Introduction to software craftsmanship
Istio
Lessons learned from concurrency practices in blockchain projects
Our view on fullstack engineering
Playaround with Clojure
Pomodoro technique
Quality assurance works in the product team
Radio talk 61 monorepo
Radix sort
Redis rate limiter
Remote moderated usability testing
Reusability in software development
Skill of software engineer
Software development life cycle 101
Software modeling
Software quality assurance
Split and reuse code in React application
Sprint lifecycle
Story point estimation
Stream aligned team
Tackling complexity
Team first thinking
Team toplogies
The 10x engineer
The removal of Apache Kafka's dependency on Zookeeper
Update highest and lowest symbol prices in real time
URL Redirect vs. Rewrite; What’s the difference?
Vim repl driven development
Well crafted software
What is Kubernetes
Why invest in tools
Working on a project interview assessment at Dwarves
§ Frontend
A quick intro to WebAssembly
Accelerate project initiation with advanced Nextjs boilerplate React toolkit
Adoption of pnpm
An introduction to atomic CSS
Applying mock service worker (MSW) for seamless web development
Atomic design pattern
Be careful with your code splitting setup
Choosing the right Javascript framework a deep dive into React vs Angular vs Vue
Concurrency in javascript
Continuous translation
Css container queries
Css in JS
Dark mode flickers a white background for a fraction of a second
Debugging in javascript
Deno
Focus trap
From markup to pixels - a look inside the DOM, CSSOM, and render tree
From multi repo to monorepo a case study with Nghenhan Turbo monorepo
Fundamental end to end frontend testing with Cypress
HSL color
HTML inert
I18n frontend guideline
Intro to IndexedDB
Introducing HTMX - navigating the advantages and concerns
JavaScript modules
Lessons learned from being a part of corporate micro frontend implementation
Micro frontends microservices for frontend development
Mitigate blocking the main thread
Mixpanel
MPA, SPA and partial hydration
Parallelism in JavaScript
Parse, don't validate in TypeScript
Prevent layout thrashing
Pure CSS parallax
Recursively export file pattern in Javascript ES6 application
Remix versus Nextjs
Remove unused CSS styles from Bootstrap using Purgecss
Render optimization in data-fetching libraries
Frontend report August 2024
Frontend report February 2025
Frontend report first half of November 2024
Frontend report January 2025
Frontend report July 2024
Frontend report March 2025
Frontend report october 2024
Frontend report second half of November 2024
Frontend report September 2024
Retain scroll position in infinite scroll
Scroll-driven animations
Shadow DOM
Sign-in form best practices
Singleton design pattern in Javascript
The best of CSS TLDR
The fundamental of web performance
Cameras in ThreeJS
Typesafe client server
URL formats for sharing via social networks
Using correct Html element to increase website accessibility
Validation with Zod
Variable fonts
ViteJS native modules
WAI-ARIA
Webassembly
WebSockets
What is PNPM compare to NPM/Yarn
Why DOM manipulation is slow?
Why micro frontend
Why we chose our tech stack accelerating development with a robust frontend solution
Window and iframe communication
Zaplib post-mortem
§ Git
Git commit message convention
Git
Gitflow pull request
§ Go
Go JSON parser: number <-> interface
Approaches to manage concurrent workloads like worker pools and pipelines
Atomic package in golang
Bunk license check
Circuit breaker in go
Efficient union of finite automata in Golang: a practical approach
Connecting Vim with Golang
Error handling patterns
Go extension interface pattern
Go concurrency
Go as an enterprise standard language
How to use Go in the enterprise
When to use Go in the enterprise
Who is using Go in enterprise?
Why enterprise chose Java
Why go?
How does Go achieve type safety when it enables generics?
Go import design: using git repo path
Go in software engineering
Package first design
Leveraging Golang and WebRTC for high-performance video streaming
Level up your testing game with gomock
Message queues and streaming platforms eg Kafka Nats Rabbitmq
Profiling in Go
Slice and array in Golang
A tour of Template method pattern with Golang
Test doubles
Testing made simple best practices for golang test
Unexpected pitfalls and some handy patterns with concurrency in go
Unit testing best practices in Golang
Use Go selenium to crawl data
Go commentary #5: Features, memory optimization, Minecraft server, code editor, and LLM tool
Go commentary #6: GUI framework, leadership change
Go commentary #7: Releases, websockets, and struct behavior
Go commentary #8: Jupyter notebooks, Kubernetes tools, GopherCon talks
Go commentary #9: TinyGo, SQLite vector search, and authorization
Go commentary #23: Draft release notes for Go 1.24 and weak pointers in Go
Go commentary #24: Coming in Go 1.24: testing/synctest experiment for time and concurrency testing
Go weekly #2: Go 1.23 iterators
Go commentary #3: Generic collections, generics constraints, AI bot
Go commentary #4: Ethical hacking, HTTP requests, Mac app development
Go weekly #1: mastering Go performance - eBPF and PGO optimization techniques
Go commentary #18: Fuzz testing Go HTTP services
Go commentary #19: Writing secure Go code
Go commentary #20: Go turns 15
Go commentary #21: Go sync.Once is simple
Go commentary #22: GoMLX: ML in Go without Python
Go commentary #14: Golang compile-time evaluation and Go bindings to SQLite using wazero
Go commentary #15: using Go embed, and Reflect
Go commentary #16: Understand sync.Map
Go commentary #17: Leveraging benchstat projects in Go benchmark and Go Plan9 memo on 450% speeding up calculations
Go commentary #10: Script, telemetry
Go commentary #11: The gopher's LLM revolution - actors, frameworks, and the future of Go
Go commentary #12: CLI renaissance with Kubernetes, REST, and terminal readers in the age of complexity
Go commentary #13: Compiler quests and vector vexations
readme
canister-middleware
canister
chain-key
internet-computer
motoko
network-nervous-system
running-icp-program
readme
brains-have-evolved-to-minimize-surprise
de-risk-innovation-by-making-smaller-bets
different-kinds-of-uncertainty
honing-intuition
innovation-accrues-in-small-incremental-steps
innovation-cascades
common-innovation-anti-patterns
common-myths-about-innovation
corporate-innovation-means-discovering-sustainable-new-business-models
established-organizations-tend-to-optimize-for-inertia
integrate-innovation-functions-with-the-broader-organization
loss-aversion-creates-tension-between-the-need-to-innovate-and-the-need-to-protect-the-status-quo-in-large-organizations
why-enterprises-cant-innovate-like-startups
base-strategy-on-leading-not-lagging-indicators
build-organizations-around-a-long-term-narrative
collecting-analytics-data-is-not-the-same-as-doing-research
garbage-in-garbage-out
good-strategy-simplifies-a-complex-problem-space
organizations-have-become-primarily-focused-on-short-term-results
organizations-that-depend-on-tolerability-are-ripe-for-disruption
reading-about-strategy-wont-produce-a-winning-strategy
specialization-narrows-our-perspective-on-what-is-salient-to-a-problem
strategic-inflection-points-disrupt-the-underlying-assumptions-of-a-business-or-industry
strategy-is-time-sensitive
volatile-environments-motivate-us-to-avoid-uncertainty
winning-strategies-result-from-good-sensemaking
work-backwards-from-a-long-term-vision-of-the-future-to-define-proximate-objectives
innovation-cascades
inflection-points-reveal-themselves-first-at-the-edges
our-vision-of-the-future-is-always-constrained-by-our-view-of-the-past
tom-brady-principle
fostering-serendipity
ideas-are-constellations
ideas-are-networks
ideas-are-remixes
innovation-thrives-in-open-environments
optimize-to-be-wrong-not-right
strength-of-weak-ties
§ Liquidity
An overview of micro investment in real estate
§ LLM
A grand unified theory of the AI hype cycle
Adversarial prompting in prompt engineering
Build your chatbot with open source large language models
Streamlining internal tool development with managed LLMOps: A Dify case study
§ Building LLM system
Evaluating caching in RAG systems
Chunking strategies to overcome context limitation in LLM
Storing long-term memory in ChatGPT using VectorDB
Developing rapidly with generative AI
Easy prompt engineering for business use and mitigating risks in LLMs
Evaluate chatbot agent by user simulation
Evaluation guidelines for LLM applications
Exploring machine learning approaches for fine tuning Llama models
Design feedback mechanism for LLM applications
Foundation models: the latest advancement in AI
Function calling in AI agents
What is Generative UI?
GraphRAG - building a knowledge graph for RAG system
Guardrails in llm
History of structured outputs for LLMs
How to talk to ChatGPT effectively
Evaluating search engine in RAG systems
Intent classification by LLM
Journey of thought prompting: Harnessing AI to craft better prompts
LLM as a judge
Query caching for large language models
LLM's accuracy - self refinement
LLM tracing in AI system
Logging
Metrics
Intro to model context protocol
Model selection
Multi-agent collaboration for task completion
Multimodal: in rag
Observability in AI platforms
Prevent prompt injection
Proximal policy optimization
Q learning
Quantization for large language models
RAPTOR: Tree-based retrieval for language models
Re-ranking in RAG
ReAct(reason + act) in LLM
Introduction to reinforcement learning and its application with LLMs
Reward model
ReWOO: Reasoning without observation - a deeper look
RLHF with Open Assistant
Select vector database for LLM
Story map for LLMs
Building agent supervisors to generate insights
Natural language to database queries: Text-to-MongoDB
The rise of AI applications with LLM
Thumbs up and thumbs down pattern
Tracing
Use cases for LLM applications
Workaround with OpenAI's token limit with Langchain
Working with langchain document loaders
§ Mobile
Build a passcode view with Swift
Create circular text using SwiftUI
Data race and race condition
Draw watch face using SwiftUI
Kotlin coroutine lifecycle
Kotlin coroutine
Reproduce Apple Find Me bottom menu view
Scale up application using Jetpack navigation
Secret management on iOS
Stateless and stateful widgets in Flutter
Swift 5 4 resultbuilder
Swiftui
The structure of the command line app
Uidynamicanimator
UIKit builder pattern
Xpc services on macOS app using Swift
§ Personas
Disc personality types in team work
Build productive team
Extraverted Feeling (Fe)
Introverted Feeling (Fi)
Cognitive functions stack
The history
Introversion vs extraverion
Intuition vs sensing
Extraverted Intuition (Ne)
Introverted Intuition (Ni)
Note
OCEAN model
Perceiving vs judging
8 preferences
Extraverted Sensing (Se)
Introverted Sensing (Si)
Strategies for accurate typing
Extraverted Thinking (Te)
Theory team building based on mbti
Thinking vs feeling
Introverted Thinking (Ti)
§ PM
An alternative to TM
Definition of done
Estimation in agile
How to deal with technical debt in Scrum
Our daily standup format
Project management
§ Product
Aarrr framework in a nutshell
aarrr-vs-hook
build-in-public
defining-features
design-a-habit-forming-product
habit-forming-product
managing-an-agile-project
product-roadmap
project-goals
risk-management
setup-feedback-loop
Subscription pricing models
success-of-software-projects
the-hook-model
the-kano-model
traditional-product-roadmaps-encourage-confirmation-bias
§ Productivity
§ Prompt Engineering
Project operations copilots
Team copilots
§ Quality
Boundary and equivalence partitioning testing
Qc onboarding
Test cases breakdown structure
§ React
A fragment colocation pattern with React & Apollo GraphQL
Build polymorphic React components with Typescript
Code splitting in React
Component communication and decoupling
Component composition patterns in React
Design system integration in React
Different ways to test React application
Hoc renderprops and hook in Reactjs
Hook architecture in React
Invoking component functions in React
Preserving and resetting state in React
React 18
React fiber
React server components, NextJs route and data fetching
Rendering strategies in React
State management strategy in React
Tackling server state complexity in frontend development
Testing strategies in React
UseEffect double calls in React 18
When should we use useReducer instead of useState?
Why Virtual DOM is fast?
§ Rust
Error handling on Rust
Playaround with Rust
Rust trait
§ Security
A holistic guide to security
Applied security basis
The key of security mechanisms in tackling cyber threats
§ Solana
Anchor framework
Dynamic liquidity market maker - a new form of concentrated liquidity AMM on Solana
How tokens work on Solana
Introduce to Solana token 2022 - new standard to create a token in Solana
Metaplex NFT compression
Solana account
Solana core concepts
readme
≈ Founder liquidity
Abundant data makes us jump to quantitative data as the solution to every problem
Democratize user research to scale user research
Four theories of truth
Good research starts with a good question
How many users should you interview
Landscape of ux research methods
Lean methodologies promote velocity at the expense of understanding
Make research insights easy to find consume and use
Mastering ux research essential techniques for successful design
Qualitative and quantitative research methods each have trade offs
Qualitative and quantitative research represent different philosophies of knowledge
Qualitative research creates mental models about the problem space
Qualitative research excels at explanation
Qualitative researchers care more about data saturation than sample size
Quantitative analysis is not inherently more reliable than qualitative data
Prototypes help test ideas that are already refined
Research repositories should generate new knowledge
Change happens gradually then suddenly
Measuring behaviour changes behaviour
Quant data is lossy
Skeuoumorphic models limit possibilities for innovation
Spend more time in the problem space
Test digital experiences longitudinally
Triple s of ux in web3
User research teams should act as organizational multipliers
Users perception of frequently used applications declines over time
§ ux design
Ux research activities by product lifecycle
§ ux research
Ux researchers should care about strength of evidence
§ Wealth Study
Generation wealth
§ Writing
A scene comprises large scale and small scale structures
Core needs and psychological maneuvers give fictional characters depth
Dialogue illustrates the nature of the character
Elizabeth George s character prompt sheet
euphemisms-signal-discomfort
Five commandments of storytelling
Give abstract concepts a human face
brainstorming-surfaces-available-ideas-not-new-ideas
decontextualize-ideas-to-make-them-new
design-environments-to-facilitate-behaviours
hierarchical-systems-limit-connections-across-their-horizontal-layers
knowledge-is-a-compounding-investment
knowledge-work-means-transforming-old-ideas-into-new-ones
make-notes-in-your-own-words
read-broadly-with-purpose
rigid-systems-are-fragile-systems
store-information-where-you-would-want-to-encounter-it-again
take-notes-with-connection-in-mind
write-from-the-bottom-up
writing-by-hand-is-a-forcing-function
writing-is-thinking
writing-with-a-zettelkasten
Lester Dent s master plot for pulp fiction
marry-form-with-function
metaphors-structure-our-interpretation-of-the-world
narrative-helps-the-human-mind-make-sense-of-events
narratives-enable-us-to-act-decisively-in-conditions-of-uncertainty
permanent-notes-develop-new-ideas
Place characters within a landscape
Question tree
Show don t tell
State, explain, link - An all-purpose writing technique
Talking heads avoidance device elizabeth george
Ensure the trunk of a narrative is more substantial than the branches
Good endings make a story memorable
Good story leads entice and inform
Good writing makes the familar new
Narrative sequencing informs meaning
Stories need action and commentary
Use language with necessity
The six lines of gold
§ Zettelkasten
Build randomness into knowledge generation systems
Different kinds of zettelkasten notes
Fleeting notes are reminders
Brainstorming surfaces available ideas not new ideas
Decontextualize ideas to make them new
Design environments to facilitate behaviours
Knowledge is a compounding investment
Knowledge work means transforming old ideas into new ones
Make notes in your own words
Read broadly with purpose
Rigid systems are fragile systems
Store information where you would want to encounter it again
Take notes with connection in mind
Write from the bottom up
Writing by hand is a forcing function
Writing is thinking
Learning is enhanced by surprise
Permanent notes are permanently useful not permanently unchanging
Purpose of zettelkasten
Write literature notes to inform permanent notes
Writing with a zettelkasten
§ Zero Knowledge Proof